Standardizacija brezžičnih tehnologij IoT

Standardization of wireless IoT technologies


Drago Majcen
SIST, TC MOC


POVZETEK
Na osnovi podatkov proizvajalcev TK opreme moramo verjeti, da je po vsem svetu, v današnja Wi-Fi omrežja, povezano že več kot osem milijard naprav - približno najmanj ena na vsakega prebivalca na planetu. Ko gledamo v prihodnost stalne povezljivosti, vidimo, da so naprave IoT temeljni komunikacijski segment v službi in doma. Teh tehnologij, je kar nekaj, zato jih je možno razporediti po porabi energije, glede na namembnost uporabe, po dometu signalov, po obsegu prenosa podatkov, po delovanju v frekvenčnem področju in še. Lahko jih razporedimo tudi po organizacijah, ki so pripravile standardizacijske dokumente. Na primer: pri 3GPP so pripravili standarde za naslednje tehnologije: LTE-M, LTE CAT M-1, LTE NB, EC GSM in NarrowBand-IoT. Združenje LoRa Alliance, EnOcean Alliance in drugi pa so sodelovali pri standardizaciji naslednjih tehnologij: LoRa, LoRaWAN, SigFox, LpWAN, Wi-Fi Halow, Wi-Fi SUN, WiMAX, BLE5, ZigBee, ZigBeeNAN, RFID, Z-Wave, Neightless, WirelessHART, MIOTY, DASH7, CSR mesh, EnoOcean, Ingenu RPMA in najbrž sem pozabil še kakšno. Na kratko jih bom skušal predstaviti čim več. V kolikor bo dopuščal čas bom naredil primerjavo med njimi. Na koncu bom predstavil katera tehnologija je najprimernejša pri merilnikih porabe energije, ogrevanja, vode in plina.

ABSTRACT
Based on data from TK equipment manufacturers, we have to believe that more than eight billion devices are already connected to today's Wi-Fi networks worldwide - approximately at least one for every inhabitant on the planet. As we look to the future of constant connectivity, we see IoT devices as a fundamental communication segment at work and at home. There are quite a few of these technologies, so it is possible to arrange them according to energy consumption, depending on the purpose of use, according to the range of signals, according to the extent of data transmission, according to operation in the frequency range, and more. They can also be arranged by organizations that have prepared standardization documents. For example: 3GPP has prepared standards for the following technologies: LTE-M, LTE CAT M-1, LTE NB, EC GSM and NarrowBand-IoT. The LoRa Alliance, EnOcean Alliance, and others have collaborated in the standardization of the following technologies: LoRa, LoRaWAN, SigFox, LpWAN, Wi-Fi Halow, Wi-Fi SUN, WiMAX, BLE5, ZigBee, ZigBeeNAN, RFID, Z-Wave, Neightless, WirelessHART, MIOTY, DASH7, CSR mesh, EnoOcean, Ingenu RPMA and I probably forgot some more. I will try to briefly present as many of them as possible. If time permits, I will make a comparison between them. Finally, there will be presented which technology is the most suitable for energy, heating, water and gas consumption meters.