SRK 2026

POVZETEK
V televizijskih produkcijskih sistemih se vse pogosteje uveljavlja pristop prenosa avdio-video vsebin preko internetnega protokola (ang. Avdio-Video over Internet Protocol – AVoIP), ki nadomešča tradicionalne namenske žične vmesnike kot je serijski digitalni vmesnik (ang. Serial Digital Interface – SDI). Zagotavljanje visokih bitnih protokolov za SDI povezave predstavlja velik izziv, medtem ko so omrežni vmesniki vse bolj dostopni in uveljavljeni ter dosegajo zelo visoke prenosne hitrosti. Uporaba infrastrukture IP dodatno prinaša veliko prednosti tako v smislu prenosa kot tudi upravljanja AV virov. Hkrati razvoj sodobnih mobilnih omrežij 5G omogoča vse višje prenosne hitrosti in različne, prilagojene načine delovanja, ki omogočajo ustrezno rezervacijo virov, visoke hitrosti prenosov v obe smeri, višjo zanesljivost ter majhne zakasnitve. Omrežja 5G že v osnovi temeljijo na IP, zato se v kombinaciji s pristopi AVoIP odpirajo številne priložnosti, še posebej v primerih terenske produkcije, kjer prosto gibanje kamermanov predstavlja velik izziv in zahteva vzpostavitev ločenih namenskih prenosnih sistemov, preko zračnih radijskih zvez na krajših razdaljah ali satelitskih povezav. Uporaba protokolov, kot sta npr. SMPTE ST 2110 (z uporabo stiskanja JPEG XS) ali NDI in omrežij 5G za javljanje s terena ter povezavo mobilnih kamer, v primeru športnih prenosov tako predstavlja edinstveno priložnost za povečanje učinkovitosti in zmanjšanje potreb po vzpostavljanju dodatne namenske opreme, saj so posredovani signali neposredno uporabni na vseh stopnjah produkcije, brez potreb po dodatnih pretvorbah. Kljub temu se trenutno pojavljajo številni izzivi, kot npr. izbira ustreznega frekvenčnega področja, strojne opreme na radijskem delu ter predvsem merilna oprema, ki bi omogočala celovit vpogled v stanje omrežja in stabilnost povezav.

ABSTRACT
In television production systems, the transport of Audio-Video over Internet Protocol (AVoIP) is increasingly being adopted, replacing traditional dedicated wired interfaces such as the Serial Digital Interface (SDI). Providing the high bit rates required by SDI links presents a significant challenge, while network interfaces are becoming more accessible, widely adopted, and capable of very high data rates. The use of IP infrastructure also offers numerous advantages in both signal transport and audiovisual resource management. At the same time, the development of modern 5G mobile networks enables higher data rates and flexible operational modes, supporting resource reservation, high bidirectional throughput, increased reliability, and low latency. Since 5G networks are inherently IP-based, their combination with AVoIP approaches creates new opportunities, particularly in field production scenarios, where the free movement of camera operators presents a major challenge and typically requires dedicated short-range wireless or satellite transmission systems. The use of protocols such as SMPTE ST 2110 (with JPEG XS compression) or NDI, combined with 5G networks for field contribution and mobile camera connectivity in sports broadcasting, presents a unique opportunity to improve efficiency and reduce the need for additional dedicated equipment, as the transmitted signals are directly usable throughout all stages of production without further conversion. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including the selection of appropriate frequency bands, radio-side hardware, and, in particular, measurement equipment capable of providing comprehensive insight into network conditions and link stability.